One positive outcome of advances in veterinary care is that our dogs are living longer than ever before. But as dogs get older, they can suffer many of the same diseases that affect aging people. As a consequence, veterinarians are treating more and more of their senior canine patients for diseases that were virtually unseen a generation ago. Included among them is Canine Dementia, also known as Cognitive Dysfunction Syndrome (CDS) or Canine Cognitive Dysfunction.
It is estimated that by 11 years of age, as many as half of all dogs have at least one clinical sign of cognitive dysfunction. By the time a dog is 15, the frequency rises to nearly 70%. Owners of geriatric dogs may witness their pup pacing, getting stuck in a corner, staring at the wall or just generally acting confused.
What is Cognitive Dysfunction Syndrome and How is it Diagnosed?
The exact cause of CDS is not known though, just as in humans, changes in the aging brain are thought to be influenced at least in part by genetic factors. Because there is no definitive test, diagnosis can be difficult. A good veterinary exam is key.
Before arriving at a diagnosis of CDS, your vet will want to know exactly what you’ve observed, what in the dog’s environment may have changed and will give your dog a thorough exam to rule out physical causes for changes in your dog’s behavior. Diagnosing CDS is essentially a process of elimination.
Symptoms
- Pacing, anxiousness and disorientation
- Staring for long periods of time or getting stuck in corners
- Incontinence (though this more likely has a physical cause)
- Becomng withdrawn or irritable
- Changes in appetite
- Barking for no reason
- Forgetting prior training
- Changes in sleep cycle
Here is what CDS behaviors can look like:
Treatment
While there is no cure for CDS, there are things you can do to slow its progression and improve your dog’s quality of life. Depending on symptoms, your veterinarian may prescribe medication, behavioral therapy, supplements or a specially balanced diet. This is usually combined with creating a mentally stimulating home environment and a daily routine of exercise, play and training. Every dog is unique. The key to success is working closely with your veterinarian to tailor the best combination of treatments that work for your dog. With regular check-ups to monitor your dog’s condition, the golden years of his life can be happy and fulfilling for you both.